Formal Semantics of Natural Language
There is a field called Formal Semantics that aims to approach the meaning of natural language using concepts from logic. It might be of interest to those who want to learn about its applications. An introductory book on this topic is "Formal Semantics" by Takuro Tanaka. As for applications, for example, East Robo-kun seems to have used both statistical methods and formal logical methods, although I'm not entirely sure... Another example is the Coq (proof assistant system), which is a proof assistant system that combines automated and manual methods to solve mathematical proof problems. The idea is that humans come up with proofs and write them down, while machines check the correctness of the proofs. Inria is a well-known research institute in this field. Some related keywords to search for are:
- Automatic theorem proving
- Mathematical logic
- formal semantics
- Formal Methods
If you search using these keywords, you will find a plethora of related fields and topics.